Paper 2: Advanced Physics II

The point beyond which force is no longer proportional to extension is the:

As the temperature of most liquids increases, their viscosity:

Upthrust on an object in a fluid equals:

A sound wave has frequency 250 Hz and wavelength 1.36 m. What is its speed?

Polarisation shows that light is:

The unit of specific latent heat is:

The surface temperature of a star doubles but its radius is unchanged. Its luminosity is multiplied by:

The largest source of background radiation in the UK is:

A planet has twice the Earth's mass and twice its radius. Its surface gravitational field strength is:

In simple harmonic motion the acceleration is:

A steel ball of radius 1.0 mm (density 7800 kg m⁻³) falls through oil (density 900 kg m⁻³) at a terminal velocity of 0.042 m s⁻¹. Calculate the viscosity of the oil.

Describe how to determine the viscosity of a liquid using a falling-ball method. Include how you would ensure the ball has reached terminal velocity.

Explain the difference between elastic and plastic deformation, and between ductile and brittle materials.

Light in air hits water (n = 1.33) at an angle of incidence of 40°. Calculate the angle of refraction and the critical angle for water.

A grating has 600 lines per mm. Calculate the angle of the second-order maximum for light of wavelength 589 nm.

Electrons accelerated through 150 V pass through a thin graphite film. Calculate their de Broglie wavelength and explain why a diffraction pattern is seen.

An ultrasound pulse (speed 1540 m s⁻¹ in tissue) returns from a boundary after 65 μs. Calculate the depth of the boundary and explain why high frequencies give better resolution.

Describe how to measure the specific heat capacity of water using an immersion heater, and state one major source of error.

A tyre contains air at 300 kPa and 15 °C. After a journey its temperature is 40 °C. Assuming constant volume, calculate the new pressure and the mean kinetic energy of a molecule at 40 °C.

Explain how gas molecules exert a pressure on the walls of a container.

A star has a parallax angle of 0.025 arcseconds. Calculate its distance in parsecs and metres, and explain why this method is limited to nearby stars.

A star of luminosity 3.83 × 10²⁶ W produces an intensity of 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ W m⁻² at Earth. Calculate its distance.

Describe the life cycle of a star of mass much greater than the Sun, from main sequence to final state.

Explain how redshift is evidence for an expanding Universe, and how galaxy rotation curves are evidence for dark matter.

Describe how absorbers can be used to identify which types of radiation a source emits.

Technetium-99m has a half-life of 6.0 hours. A patient is injected with 400 MBq. Calculate the activity after 24 hours and the decay constant.

Explain why nuclear fusion only happens at very high temperatures and densities, such as in the cores of stars.

Calculate g at the surface of Mars (mass 6.42 × 10²³ kg, radius 3.39 × 10⁶ m).

Calculate the gravitational potential at the surface of Mars and the escape velocity.

Explain what resonance is and how damping affects a resonance curve.

A car of mass 1200 kg rests on suspension with total stiffness 4.8 × 10⁴ N m⁻¹. Calculate its natural frequency and its maximum acceleration when oscillating with amplitude 0.030 m.

Describe how the kinetic and potential energy of an undamped oscillator vary with displacement.