Component 1: Breadth study

Section A Extract A (interpretation written for this paper in the style of a historian; not a real quotation): Henry VII's achievement was above all financial. By the end of the reign the Crown was solvent, the nobility had been bound by recognisances and bonds, and the dynasty no longer depended on the goodwill of over-mighty subjects. Yet this security was purchased at the price of fear: men obeyed because they owed money, not because they loved the king. Extract B (interpretation written for this paper in the style of a historian; not a real quotation): It is easy to exaggerate Henry VII's success. Pretenders such as Perkin Warbeck troubled him for most of the reign, foreign recognition was hard won, and the king's suspicious methods left a reservoir of resentment that his son exploited by executing Empson and Dudley. The dynasty was secure in 1509 more by luck than design. Extract C (interpretation written for this paper in the style of a historian; not a real quotation): Henry VII governed through a small circle of trusted councillors, the Council Learned in the Law and his own close attention to detail. His methods were not new, but they were applied with a consistency that restored royal authority after decades of civil war. Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three extracts are in relation to the security of Henry VII's rule by 1509.

Section B 'Religious change in England in the years 1529 to 1553 was driven by politics rather than belief.' Assess the validity of this view.

Section B To what extent did Elizabeth I successfully manage Parliament in the years 1558 to 1603?