Paper 1

1(a)4 marks

Figure 1 shows data for two volcanic eruptions.

Eruption	VEI	Deaths
Mount St Helens, USA (1980)	5	57
Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia (1985)	3	about 23 000

Suggest two reasons for the difference in deaths.

1(b)6 marks

Explain why some earthquakes produce tsunamis.

1(c)8 marks

Explain how the Pressure and Release (PAR) model can be used to understand disaster risk.

1(d)12 marks

Evaluate the view that governance is the most important factor in reducing the impacts of tectonic hazards.

Section B: choose your landscape

2(a)4 marks

Figure 2 shows rates of cliff retreat on two coasts.

Coast	Rock type	Mean retreat (m/yr)
Holderness, England	Boulder clay	1.8
Lizard, Cornwall	Serpentine and gabbro	0.01

Explain the difference in rates of retreat.

2(b)6 marks

Explain how sediment cells operate as systems.

2(c)8 marks

Explain why some coasts are at greater risk of flooding than others.

2(d)12 marks

Evaluate the effectiveness of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM).

3(a)4 marks

Figure 3 shows river discharge in a drainage basin.

Month	Jan	Apr	Jul	Oct
Discharge (m³/s)	210	160	45	120

Suggest two reasons for the seasonal pattern.

3(b)6 marks

Explain how El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can lead to drought.

3(c)12 marks

Evaluate the view that water insecurity is mainly caused by human factors.

4(a)3 marks

State three carbon stores.

4(b)20 marks

Evaluate the view that switching to renewable energy is the most effective way to achieve energy security.

Finished?

Answer every question to finish (13 left), or finish when the time’s up.

Score 0 / 105 · 0 of 13 marked

This paper is written by Plasmo in the style of the Edexcel A-Level Geography exam. It is not a past paper and is not produced or endorsed by the exam board.

Edexcel A-Level Geography Mock Exam: Paper 1 | Plasmo