Paper 2, Higher

Use collision theory to explain why increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction.

Explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium.

Describe how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation.

In paper chromatography, a spot moved 3.6 cm and the solvent moved 8.0 cm. Calculate the Rf value and explain how it could identify the substance.

Describe how the Earth's early atmosphere changed to form today's atmosphere.

Describe how potable water is produced from fresh water in the UK.

60 cm³ of gas was collected in 30 s. Calculate the mean rate of reaction.

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (forward reaction exothermic). Explain the effect on the yield of ammonia of increasing pressure and increasing temperature.

Explain why cracking is carried out.

In paper chromatography, a spot moved 2.1 cm and the solvent moved 7.0 cm. Calculate the Rf value and explain how it could identify the substance.

Evaluate the evidence that human activities are causing climate change.

Explain why desalination is used in some countries and why it is expensive.

45 cm³ of gas was collected in 25 s. Calculate the mean rate of reaction.

Explain why the Haber process uses a temperature of about 450 °C.

Complete the cracking equation C₁₀H₂₂ → C₈H₁₈ + ___

Describe tests for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and chlorine.

Explain how carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide are formed when fuels burn and the problem each causes.

Describe the stages of a life cycle assessment for a plastic bag.

Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.

Hydrated copper sulfate is blue; anhydrous copper sulfate is white. Describe what happens when the anhydrous form is added to water and explain the energy change.

Describe a test to distinguish an alkane from an alkene.

Describe how to identify the ions in a solution of iron(II) sulfate.

Describe how greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm.

Explain why the rusting of iron requires both water and oxygen and describe one way to prevent it.

Describe a method to investigate how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the rate of reaction with sodium thiosulfate.

Explain the effect of adding more reactant to a reaction at equilibrium.

Explain how the properties of hydrocarbons change as chain length increases.

Give the flame test colours for lithium, sodium and potassium.

Explain two ways to reduce the carbon footprint of a product.

Explain why NPK fertilisers are used and name a raw material for each element.