Paper 1: Written examination

Which term describes an AI system designed to perform one specific task, such as recognising faces in photos?

Who proposed the 'imitation game' in 1950 as a way of testing whether a machine can think?

Which programming construct repeats a block of code?

A model is trained to recognise spam emails. In the training data, what is the label?

An online shop uses AI to put its customers into groups with similar shopping habits. The data has no labels. Which technique is this?

Why is test data kept separate from training data?

In the rule IF temperature > 30 THEN turn on fan, which part is the action?

Which of the following is a sensor on a robot vacuum cleaner?

Algorithmic bias in an AI system is most likely to come from:

Who proposed the 'Chinese Room' argument, which questions whether a computer following rules really understands language?

Define the term artificial intelligence.

Give two examples of AI applications that people use in everyday life. For each one, state the task the AI performs.

Explain one difference between narrow AI and general AI.

Describe the Turing test.

A program is used to find the highest score in a list.

1  scores = [12, 45, 7, 30]2  highest = scores[0]3  for s in scores:4      if s > highest:5          highest = s6  print(highest)

Identify one variable used in the program.

Give the line number where selection is used in the program in 12(a).

State the output of the program in 12(a).

Explain the purpose of the loop on line 3 of the program in 12(a).

Rewrite the program in 12(a) as a function called `find_highest` that takes a list of numbers as a parameter and returns the highest value.

A school wants to train a machine learning model to predict whether a student will need extra maths support. For each past student it has: - hours of homework per week - last maths test score - attendance (%) - whether they needed extra support (Yes/No) Identify the features and the label in this data.

Describe how the data in 13(a) would be used to train the model.

The school only has data from one class of 20 students. Explain why this may not produce a reliable model.

A model is tested on 200 new images of cats and dogs. It classifies 170 of them correctly. Calculate the accuracy of the model as a percentage. Show your working.

The same model scored 98% on its training data but 85% on the test data. Explain what this suggests about the model.

Suggest two ways the developers could improve the model's performance on new images.

A rule-based system controls a garden watering system. R1: IF soil moisture < 30% AND rain forecast = No THEN water for 10 minutes R2: IF soil moisture < 30% AND rain forecast = Yes THEN wait R3: IF soil moisture ≥ 30% THEN do not water Identify one condition and the action in rule R1.

State the action the system in 15(a) takes when soil moisture is 22% and rain is forecast.

Draw, or describe in words, a decision tree that represents rules R1–R3.

Explain one limitation of using this rule-based system to water a garden.

A school is trialling a delivery robot that carries parcels from reception to classrooms. Define the term intelligent agent.

Identify two sensors the delivery robot could use, and state what each one detects.

The robot must move forward until it reaches Room 12. If an obstacle is detected within 50 cm, it must stop, wait 5 seconds and then check again before continuing. Write an algorithm, in pseudocode or Python, for this routine.

During a delivery, the robot finds that a corridor is completely blocked. Explain how the robot should adjust its plan.

A shopping centre plans to use facial recognition cameras to identify shoplifters. Explain why collecting people's images without their consent is an ethical issue.

Describe how a facial recognition system could treat some groups of people unfairly.

Explain one way data protection law affects how the shopping centre can use this system.

Discuss the impact that artificial intelligence is having, and may have in the future, on jobs and employment.

A hospital plans to use an AI system to help decide which patients arriving at the emergency department should be seen first. The system was trained on records from previous patients. Evaluate whether the hospital should use this system.