Periodic table and energy

Which element has the highest first ionisation energy?

Which Group 2 hydroxide is the most soluble in water?

A halide gives a cream precipitate with AgNO₃(aq) that dissolves in concentrated but not dilute ammonia. The halide is:

The temperature of an exothermic equilibrium is increased. What happens to Kc?

Explain why the first ionisation energy decreases from Mg to Al and from P to S.

Calcium reacts with water. Write an equation, give two observations and estimate the pH of the resulting solution.

Chlorine reacts with cold dilute sodium hydroxide to make bleach. Write the equation, give the oxidation numbers of chlorine and explain why this is disproportionation.

Use average bond enthalpies to calculate ΔcH of methane. CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O C–H 413, O=O 498, C=O 805, O–H 464 (kJ mol⁻¹)

Explain, with reference to the Boltzmann distribution, how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.

Explain the shape of the curve.

50.0 cm³ of 1.00 mol dm⁻³ HCl was mixed with 50.0 cm³ of 1.00 mol dm⁻³ NaOH. The temperature rose by 6.8 °C. Calculate the enthalpy change of neutralisation.

Explain the trend in boiling points of the halogens from fluorine to iodine, and the trend in boiling points of the hydrogen halides from HF to HI.

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g), ΔH = −93 kJ mol⁻¹. Explain why a temperature of about 450 °C and an iron catalyst are used.

Use the bond enthalpies N≡N 945, H–H 436 and N–H 391 kJ mol⁻¹ to calculate ΔH for this reaction.

Give three ways in which the Haber process is designed to be sustainable.